CENTRALE LYON - Phd Numerical modeling of acoustic propagation in planetary atmospheres

Research field _____________________________________________
ECL and Laboratory presentation

Founded in 1857, École Centrale de Lyon is one of the top 10 engineering schools in France. It trains more than 3,000 students of 50 different nationalities on its campuses in Écully and Saint-Étienne (ENISE, in-house school): general engineers, specialized engineers, masters and doctoral students. With the Groupe des Écoles Centrale, it has three international locations. The training provided benefits from the excellence of the research carried out in the 6 CNRS-accredited laboratories on its campuses, the 2 international laboratories, the 6 international research networks and the 10 joint laboratories with companies. Its excellent research and high-level teaching have enabled it to establish double degree agreements with prestigious universities and advanced partnerships with numerous companies. With its focus on sobriety, energy, the environment and decarbonization, Centrale Lyon intends to respond to the problems faced by socio-economic players in the major transitions.

Numerical modeling of acoustic propagation in planetary atmospheres

Research field presentation :

The study of acoustic wave propagation in extraterrestrial atmospheres is a rapidly advancing research field. Acoustic techniques offer a valuable means of probing planetary environments, providing insights into atmospheric composition, temperature, winds, density, pressure, and potentially planetary interiors. The first acoustic signals from another planet were recorded on Venus by the Venera 13 and Venera 14 missions. These measurements were used to estimate near-surface wind speeds. Titan was the second planetary body where acoustic data were obtained. The Huygens probe, which landed in 2005, measured sound speed along with pressure and temperature, enabling estimation of methane concentration in Titan’s nitrogen-rich atmosphere. The upcoming Dragonfly mission, scheduled for the 2030s, will carry microphones designed to further characterize Titan’s atmosphere through acoustic observations.

More recently, the Perseverance rover, which landed on Mars in 2021, recorded the planet’s first audio signals using the microphone embedded in the SuperCam instrument (Figure 1). These data have been used to study atmospheric turbulence and acoustic attenuation caused by the vibrational relaxation of CO2. Accurately characterizing the fluid dynamic properties of a planetary atmosphere, such as wind velocity, density, temperature, pressure, and chemical composition, via acoustic methods requires a thorough understanding of sound propagation in 1complex, inhomogeneous, and turbulent media. These atmospheric conditions give rise to phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering, and attenuation, all of which significantly influence wave propagation.

Description of the activities

This Ph.D. project will focus on modeling acoustic wave propagation near the surface of planetary atmospheres. The relevant frequency range is below 10 kHz, with propagation distances ranging from a few meters up to several kilometers. The candidate will develop a wave equation that incorporates spatial and temporal atmospheric inhomogeneities and turbulence effects. Three-dimensional numerical simulations will then be performed to investigate the influence of turbulence and absorption on acoustic propagation. High-order finite difference and time integration schemes will be employed for this purpose. The simulation code will be implemented in C/C++ and parallelized using MPI and CUDA to efficiently utilize high-performance computing clusters equipped with CPUs and GPUs. This computational framework will enable scalable simulations for a broad range of planetary conditions.

References

• Maurice et al., Nature, 605, 2022

• Lorenz et al., Planetary and Space Science, 230, 2023

• Chide et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL100333, 2022

• Chide et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 615, 2023

• Chide et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 155, 2024

• Gillier et al., JGR Planets, 129, e2024JE008469, 2024

• Gillier et al., JGR Planets, 129, e2023JE008257, 2024

• Ostashev et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 156, 2024

• Bogey and Bailly, J. Comp. Phys, 194, 2004

• Sabatini et al., J. Fluid Mech., 859, 2019